PerioMechanics

Regenerate · Restore · Anticipate · Prevent

Gums are not a frame around a tooth.

PerioMechanics is first-principles periodontology. It uses biomechanics, fluid dynamics, perfusion theory, and FEA (finite-element analysis) to get into the depths of biology.

Gums carry bite force. They have a blood supply. Planning should treat them like living structure.

A public teaching lab by a periodontist at Polyclinic Breyer in Sisak. Consultations for a fee. One glance, then a picture. Then as deep as you want.

The namePerioMechanics is first-principles periodontology.

One plate · five minutes · no login

Plate I — periodontium as a systemFour tissues, one load path1 Enamel / dentin2 Cementum interface3 PDL + microvascular bed4 Cortical plate / cancellous core
Plate I — four tissues, one load path. The organ that holds a tooth.

One glance

Three pictures before the argument

Slow loops. No patient faces. Geometry first, then biology.

  1. A cup holds. A table spills.A 3-wall well is a cupA flat ridge is a tableContained — the clot has a roomUncontained — the same fill runs off

    Hook 01

    A cup holds. A table spills.

    Some bone comes back because the hole is a cup. A flat ridge is a table. Biology cannot pile on a table without a tent.

  2. A graft lives on blood.Covering a root is covering a dead surface1 Flap capillaries2 Graft on avascular root3 Suture tensionPull the flap white and the graft has nothing to drink.

    Hook 02

    A graft lives on blood.

    Covering a root is covering a dead surface. Pull the flap white and the graft has nothing to drink.

  3. The black triangle is a missing pole.Gum between teeth stands on a peak of bonecontactIf the peak is gone, the triangle is geometry — not a failure of brushing.Tarnow: the pole is bone

    Hook 03

    The black triangle is a missing pole.

    Gum between teeth stands on a peak of bone. If the peak is gone, the triangle is geometry, not a failure of brushing.

Start here

For everyone

Patients, referring dentists, students. Short sentences. Clear plates. Begin with the picture of the tissues that hold a tooth.

Open the first plate →

Patient doorWhat is periodontitis? Five plates. A gum that reaches the bone.What is periodontitis? →

Receding gumsA receding gum is a thin tent on a missing wall.Why gums recede →

For clinicians & researchers

The same site, in depth

Six lab modules. An FEA and perfusion teaching model. An implantoprosthetic full-mouth teaching app. Journal essays in clinic language.

LabSimulateFMR CodexJournal

FMR CodexImplantoprosthetic full-mouth workflow. A public teaching app — educational, not a device.Open the Codex door →

For clinicians, engineers, and anyone who wants the argument

First principles, written out

The periodontium is a load-bearing, perfused organ. Planning that ignores walls, perfusion, and force is decorating biology.

Biomechanics, fluid dynamics, perfusion theory, and finite-element analysis — to get into the depths of biology. The plates above are cartoons on purpose. The figures below are teaching models from the same argument. They are not patient-specific diagnosis.

Teaching FEA overlay of flap perfusion
Flap perfusion field. Teaching FEA overlay. Not a medical device. Not for diagnosis.
Teaching FEA of a probe in a sulcus
Probe in a sulcus. Teaching FEA overlay. Not a medical device. Not for diagnosis.
Teaching sketch of gap versus edge pressure
Gap versus edge pressure, 1D teaching sketch. Not a medical device. Not for diagnosis.
Teaching dashboard of suture tension and perfusion
Suture tension and perfusion bands. Teaching dashboard. Not a medical device. Not for diagnosis.

Wall number is a container

A three-wall well is a room. The clot has somewhere to sit. Remaining bone shares load. A two-wall crater still has a chance if you tent the missing face. A one-wall slope is hostile. Zero-wall, suprabony, horizontal loss is a table. The same graft on that table is a different mechanical object. You are not filling a hole. You are stacking on a shelf. Biology cannot pile on a table without a tent.

This is why contained angular defects fill and flat ridges disappoint. Morphology is a boundary condition, not a product choice. The flat-ridge note writes that argument at chair length.

Bone lives near a capillary

Osteocytes are not a powder you sprinkle. They live next to a vessel. A pile on a flat crest is a unilateral healing front: vessels can enter from the bed, not from the denuded root, and not from the oral cavity. Teaching literature puts vascular ingrowth in the neighbourhood of half a millimetre a day. That is a field constant for how far a graft can be asked to wait, not a device output and not a number from my theatre.

Distance from a perfused face is the variable you still control after the harvest. The graft essay names the same fact for soft tissue: it survives on glucose, then on vessels. Bone is not kinder.

PASS is four words, not a kit

Primary closure. Angiogenesis. Space. Stability. Soft-tissue collapse kills the tent. A collagen membrane drapes. It will follow the flap down unless something stiffer holds the volume. Titanium-reinforced membranes tent. They also risk exposure, which is a perfusion event wearing a different name. Urban, Rasperini, and the GTR/GBR field already said this. I am not claiming a trial. I am naming the constraint.

Epithelium always wins the race

Cells do not arrive as a committee. Epithelium is faster than PDL and faster than bone. Guided tissue regeneration is a barrier against that race — a fence so the slow tissues still have a corridor. Enamel matrix derivative is a gel. It can signal. It cannot hold vertical space alone. Asking EMD to reconstruct a horizontal defect is asking a biologic to do a tent's job.

A living fourth wall

When bony walls are gone, a connective-tissue wall can make a living envelope. That is the Rasperini idea I will name as field, not as a percentage. Technique-sensitive. Geometry first. I will not paste a success rate onto a defect I have not seen.

Two organs, one drink

A connective-tissue graft over an avascular root drinks from the flap and the papillae. The root contributes nothing. Volume plus tension is ischemia. A tunnel keeps lateral vessels by not cutting them. A vertical release spends two nutrient faces for a photograph of the defect. Covering a root is covering a dead surface. That sentence belongs on the tray.

Suture tension is perfusion

Blanching is edge pressure crossing capillary closing pressure. Teaching bands sit around 20 mmHg for the colour change. Mechanical dehiscence is a different threshold: Burkhardt and Lang (2010) put a logistic midpoint near 0.15 N. Pini-Prato (2000) already showed that tension costs coverage. Colour can still be acceptable while the suture has left the dehiscence shoulder. They are not the same event. The argument is written: a tight suture is a vascular event. The knobs are on simulate. I am not adding unpublished trial numbers on top.

Recession is a tent on a missing wall

Thin phenotype plus dehiscence dominate. Hard brushing is a mechanical scrape. Plaque inflames. Orthodontics can push a tooth through the bone envelope. After a clean, the swelling leaves and the margin looks lower — that is oedema leaving, not a new disease overnight.

Cairo RT1: no interproximal loss — complete coverage is the expected result. RT2: interproximal loss no worse than buccal — partial coverage is the honest plan. RT3: interproximal worse than buccal — do not sell complete coverage. The house-and-hill picture still holds: soft tissue is a tent; interproximal bone is the pole.

Healing of a free graft is three phases, not a weekend. Roughly day 0–3 plasmatic imbibition; day 2–11 revascularization; day 11–42 maturation, longer if you asked the mucogingival junction to move. Named papers live in the journal. Patient language lives on why gums recede. Chair language for types and walls: look at the papilla first.

Three facts the plan must name

You do not need a solver to start. You need three words.

  1. Plate IV — occlusal force vectorsF at angle θAxial vs shear at the crestF cos θ → distributed in PDLF sin θ → crestal concentrationHotspot: crestal lip

    Load

    Bite is a direction, not only a number. Angle changes where the peak sits. The crest notices.

  2. Plate III — PDL perfusionVascular bed in the ligamentSolid network + fluid phasePerfusion ON dissipates a peakPerfusion OFF raises the markerField literature: hydro-mechanical PDL coupling; bioheat with blood flow.

    Blood

    The ligament around a root is alive. If it cannot be perfused, its behaviour is no longer the one in the textbook.

  3. Plate I — periodontium as a systemFour tissues, one load path1 Enamel / dentin2 Cementum interface3 PDL + microvascular bed4 Cortical plate / cancellous core

    Plan

    A beautiful 3D surface is necessary. It is not sufficient. Materials and a vascular bed still have to enter the plan.

The laboratory

Six modules, in order. Each has a plate, a thesis, and a sentence you can take to the chair.

Open the lab
  1. Module 01

    The periodontium as a system

    Bone, PDL, cementum, vascular bed

    Next →

  2. Module 02

    From sketch to FEA

    Geometry, materials, boundary conditions — and what not to simplify

    Next →

  3. Module 03

    PDL perfusion

    Hydro-mechanical coupling — blood flow changes thermal and mechanical results

    Next →

  4. Module 04

    Occlusal force vectors

    von Mises, principal stress, crestal bone, and regeneration under load

    Next →

  5. Module 05

    Regenerative constraint

    GTR, defect morphology, papilla, root coverage — what mechanics will allow

    Next →

  6. Module 06

    Peri-implantitis initiation mechanics

    Beyond plaque-only models — the missing load path around an implant

What you will find

Pictures of the organ. A teaching model you can drag. Essays from the chair.

Educational and illustrative teaching models. Not a medical device. Not for diagnosis, treatment planning, or patient-specific simulation.

Who it is for

  • Anyone who has been told “the gum” as if it were a gasket.
  • Students who want plates before papers.
  • Periodontists and engineers who want FEA and perfusion named in public.

About the author